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INTRO TO THE CITY
CHAPTER 9
SAMPLE TEST
Chapter 9
1. According to political economists:
a. the distribution of wealth and power are important determinants of the shape of cities
b. geography is the main factor shaping urban life
c. cities evolve as a natural progression
d. both a and c
2. The “new urban sociology”
a. promotes new theoretical ideas
b. draws on Marxism
c. is rooted in urban ecology
d. emerged in the late 1950s
3. According to the Central Place Theory:
a. cities are able to produce goods and services more efficiently than smaller places
b. cities promote competition among producers
c. economic advantages increase as one moves closer to the central business district
d. all of the above are true
4. Alonso’s model suggests that:
a. economic activities are characterized by monopolies
b. as distance from the Central Business District increases, rents decrease
c. as distance from the Central Business District increases, rents increase
d. certain urban groups have lower economic opportunities than others
5. According to Valentine, the fact that poor African Americans paid significantly higher prices for their groceries than others illustrates:
a. the free-enterprise system
b. the fact that it is more costly to supply goods in inner-city neighborhoods
c. the fact that black residents often have limited choices regarding where to shop
d. the validity of Alonso’s model
6. Richard Fox’s city types included all but which of the following:
a. capitalist-industrial city
b. administrative cities
c. colonial cities
d. medieval cities
7. The structural context of the last decade include all but which of the following:
a. a decline in industrial jobs
b. an increase in manufacture jobs
c. a movement of people from cities to suburbs
d. increasing financial problems in many cities
8. Henri Lefebvre:
a. argues that urban development is a product of the capitalist economic system
b. emphasizes the role of the primary circuit of capital
c. argues that investment in real estate guarantees successful urban growth
d. suggests that individual forces determine urban development
9. In Lefebvre’s theory, “abstract space”
a. is the same as “social space”
b. is the type of space considered by government and businesses
c. is the most important type of space
d. is not connected to economic activity
10. David Harvey’s research:
a. suggests that urban growth occurs evenly
b. is based on Lefebvre’s ideas about the second circuit of capital
c. focuses on Chicago
d. ignores the role of government
11. According to David Harvey,
a. real estate investment takes place in a free market
b. governments shape a city’s use of space
c. all neighborhoods are characterized by similar real estate buying and selling patterns
d. capitalists and government agencies are opposed to each other
12. “Welfare capitalism”
a. describe a market system where the government provides workers with subsidies
b. exists when private corporations administer welfare programs
c. eliminates the conflicts between the working class and the different levels of government
d. none of the above
13. Castell’s concept of the mode of development:
a. is based on the similar Marxist concept of mode of production
b. can be used to understand industrial growth in suburbs
c. emphasizes today’s need to discover and apply new sources of energy
d. both a and b
14. The fact that many industries absorbed their competitors and formed oligopolies
a. illustrates horizontal integration
b. illustrates vertical disintegration
c. contributed to the dismantling of agglomeration economies
d. is a phenomenon which began only in the late 1970s
15. Vertical disintegration is linked to all but which of the following:
a. subcontracting of production
b. increase in northeastern U.S. urban population
c. fast growth in the Sunbelt region
d. greater use of non-unionized labor
16. According to Logan and Molotch, urban growth coalitions:
a. are formed by local residents
b. emphasize the need to create a social space view
c. were created to fight environmental degradation in cities
d. focus on ways to increase profits and economic activities
17. In the United States, economic restructuring includes:
a. a decline in the proportion of manufacturing jobs in overall employment
b. a rise in entry-level jobs for lower-skilled workers
c. a rising skills mismatch
d. both a and c
18. The world-system perspective:
a. suggests that capitalism exists only in Western countries
b. supports the idea that soon all cities will be part of the “core”
c. links changes in cities to the development of a global economy
d. suggests that cities in poor countries benefit greatly from globalization
True/False
1. The theoretical arguments of “the new urban sociology” are quite old.
2. Agglomeration industries keep production costs lower in cities.
3. Competition is often greater in smaller towns.
4. Alonso’s model assumes an efficient urban transportation system.
5. Alonso’s model explains why rents are higher in suburbs than in the center of the city.
6. Racism and discrimination limit the validity of Alonso’s theory.
7. The primary circuit of capital consists of real estate investment.
8. According to Lefebvre, space affects our behavior.
9. Governments focus on social space while businesses focus on abstract space.
10. Harvey argues that actions taken by real estate investors can lead to urban decay and abandonment.
11. More than ever firms tend to locate near sources of raw material and pools of unskilled labor.
12. Scott argues that individual competition over territory determines urban growth patterns.
13. Almost every northeastern U.S. city shrank in population size after World War II,
14. Horizontal integration created economically interdependent metropolitan regions.
15. Vertical disintegration helped to raise workers compensations.
16. The “new international division of labor” tends to hurt poor people in cities.
17. Economic restructuring is linked to a rapid growth in manufacturing.
18. The “skills mismatch” problem suggests that many companies are unable to find workers in the cities.
19. Core cities include Calcutta, Kuala Lumpur, Mexico City, and Cairo.
Answers
Chapter 9
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