INTRO TO THE CITY

CHAPTER 4

SAMPLE TEST

 

 

Chapter 4 Exam Questions

Multiple Choice:

  1. What term is used to describe spread-out or low-density development beyond the edges of services and employment?
    1. edge cities
    2. sprawl
    3. common-interest developments
    4. gated communities

 

  1. Sprawl is most obvious and grows most spectacularly in the rapid growth areas of the:
    1. North and South
    2. East and West
    3. South and West
    4. North and East

 

  1. Those seeking to curb sprawl base their concerns around four strategies.  Which of the following is NOT one of these?
    1. suburban relocation
    2. environmental damage
    3. financial costs
    4. transportation

 

  1. Which of the following is NOT one of the most time squandered cities because of traffic congestion?
    1. Washington, D.C.
    2. Columbus, OH
    3. San Francisco-Oakland, CA
    4. Houston, TX

 

  1. How does sprawl hurt cities?
    1. It erodes the city’s tax base.
    2. It destroys downtown commerce.
    3. It increases unemployment and concentrates poverty in urban centers.
    4. all of the above

 

  1. Oregon and Washington require all communities to make official designations in order to separate urban areas from their surrounding greenbelt of open lands, including farms, water sheds, and parks.  These designations are called:
    1. urban growth boundaries
    2. revitalized zones
    3. transit-oriented zones
    4. edge cities

 

  1. Some transit-oriented approaches for relieving traffic congestion focus on building more highway lanes using
    1. land purchased
    2. “smart corridors”
    3. growth boundaries
    4. revitalization

 

  1. Which of the following is NOT one of the proposed solutions to urban sprawl, as discussed in the text?
    1. land purchases
    2. revitalization
    3. gentrification
    4. growth boundaries

 

  1. ____________ are new, sprawling, middle-class, automobile-dependent centers typically located at the fringe of older urban areas, at the intersections of major highways, where little except villages or farmland existed three decades earlier.
    1. Edge cites
    2. Growth boundaries
    3. Gated communities
    4. Common-interest developments

 

  1. Who among the following identified over 200 new edge cities in the United States and Canada?
    1. Macionis
    2. Parillo
    3. Merton
    4. Garreau

 

  1. The text points out that edge cities fall into one of three major categories.  Which of the following is NOT one of these?
    1. uptowns
    2. exurbs
    3. boomers
    4. greenfields

 

  1. The text discusses three edge city variations.  Which of the following is NOT one of these?
    1. edge cities as motivator
    2. Edge cites as a solution to problems
    3. Edge cites as the problem
    4. Edge cities as mediator

 

  1. In the United States, _____________ can be traced to the late 1800s, when upper-income gated developments in New York’s Tuxedo Park and private streets in St. Louis sprang up, as wealthy citizens sought to “insulate themselves from the troublesome aspects of rapidly industrializing cities.”
    1. common-interest developments
    2. gated communities
    3. edge cities
    4. urban growth boundaries

 

  1. How many gated communities now exist in the United States?
    1. 20,000
    2. 100,000
    3. 200,000
    4. over 1 million

 

  1. The text points out that gated communities fall into one of three categories.  Which of the following is NOT one of these?
    1. lifestyle
    2. prestige
    3. urban growth
    4. security-zone

 

True-False:

  1. Sprawl identifies the cumulative effects of development that is automobile-dependent, inefficient, and wasteful of natural resources.
  2. Beginning in the 1950s, housing in the suburbs became the personification of the ideal lifestyle.
  3. Urban sprawl occurs only because of population growth.
  4. In most American cities, everyone can get around by car.
  5. Today, more than 80 percent of Arizona’s population lives in the Sonora Desert, which includes the rapidly growing areas around Phoenix and Tucson.
  6. In North America, urban sprawl only threatens the farmland in the Midwest.
  7. As explained in The Dark Side of the American Dream, the loss of historically important centers to sprawl is limited to cities.
  8. Of all the areas in the United States, traffic congestion is most acute in New York City.
  9. Sprawl is a suburban phenomenon and has no urban counterpart.
  10. Edge cities are appearing in Canada as well as in the United States, but apparently for different reasons.
  11. The majority of metropolitan North Americans now work, shop, and live in and around the 200-plus “new hearths of our civilization.”
  12. The rise of edge cities is essentially a function of race, not social class.
  13. All edge cities are alike and their evolution occurs for the same reasons everywhere.
  14. Gated communities began to increase rapidly in the 1950s.
  15. Lifestyle communities are an expression of conspicuous consumption and a new leisure class.
  16. The primary residents of prestige communities are the middle class.
  17. Security-zone communities are “enclaves of fear” primarily concerned with protection.
  18. Gated communities are often called common-interest developments.
  19. Planners, sprawl opponents, and urban sociologists often cite Portland, Oregon as a prime example of failure in terms of urban growth and development.
  20. Portland, Oregon, stands today as a model city.

 

ANSWERS

MULTIPLE CHOICE:

1.   B                6.   A               11.   B

2.   C               7.   B                12.   D

3.   A               8.   C               13.   B

4.   B                9.   A               14.   A

5.   D               10.   D             15.   C

TRUE-FALSE:

1.   T                6.   F                11.   T              16.   F

2.   T                7.   F                12.   F              17.   T

3.   F                8.   F                13.   F              18.   T

4.   F                9.   F                14.   F              19.   F

5.   T                10.   T              15.   T              20.   T