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INTRO TO THE CITY
CHAPTER 12
SAMPLE TEST

Chapter 12

1.     The housing problem is characterized by:

        a. an insufficient number of low-rent housing units

        b. property owner’s search for greater profits

        c. an increase in the proportion of high-rent housing units

        d. all of the above

2.     Government intervention in housing began:

        a. with the New Deal

        b. in New York in 1870

        c. with the South Bronx project

        d. to solve the housing shortage which followed World War II

3.     The federal housing programs of the New Deal had all but which following goal:

        a. direct federal funds to encourage the construction of new housing

        b. guaranteed construction loans

        c. build low-rent public housing through the Public Works administration

        d. seize decaying areas and give them to developers willing to rehabilitate them

4.     Edward Banfield argues that:

        a. public housing projects have been quite successful in providing people with affordable housing

        b. residents’ irresponsible behavior is often to blame for the lack of public housing success

        c. the architecture of public housing creates pathological behavior

        d. poverty itself is the cause of public housing problems

5.     The Section 8 Program:

        a. was established during the New Deal era

        b. provides rent subsidies to low-income tenants

        c. transfers federal resources to local government in order to build public housing

        d. has deceased the stock of low-cost rental housing

6.     Deterioration of buildings in inner-city occurs because:

        a. nobody wants to live there

        b. their maintenance represents more costs than rental income warrants

        c. they are destroyed by vandals and looters

        d. they are not insured

7.     “Sweat Equity”

        a. describes the exploitation of young workers in inner-city

        b. allows individuals with low income to invest in a residence

        c. has not been very successful in providing affordable housing

        d. is a form of gentrification

8.     Gentrification:

        a. has allowed poor people to own their residence

        b. results from Section 8 programs

        c. has increased the number of low-rent housing units in the city

        d. has increased property values in the neighborhood where it takes place

9.     The “New Urbanism” is sometimes criticized for:

        a. its emphasis on high-rise buildings

        b. the fact that it isolates the poor in specific areas

        c. the lack of attention to aesthetics

        d. the fact that it reduces the number of low-income housing units

10.   Crime rates today are:

        a. on the rise

        b. highest in cities

        c. not different in city and suburbs

        d. lower than in 1980

11.   Within urban areas, crime is:

        a. most concentrated in rich neighborhoods

        b. most concentrated in poor neighborhoods

        c. most likely to affect white teenagers

        d. most likely to affect rich individuals

12.   Hernstein and Murray argue that:

        a. IQ tests are not representative of people’s level of intelligence

        b. the feeling of alienation and relative deprivation explains the high incidence of crime in the inner-city

        c. inner-city residents are more likely to commit crime because of their lower IQ

        d. inner-city residents are victims of social inequalities

13.   Black-White residential segregation:

        a. has increased since 2990

        b. explains inter-city variations in the black murder rate

        c. is practically impossible to measure

        d. does not seem to influence violent crime

14.   Oscar Newman found that crime rates:

        a. could be reduced by improving architectural design

        b. are influenced by inner-city culture

        c. are somewhat lower in large high-rise housing

        d. cannot be reduced unless poverty is eliminated

True/False

1.     The problem of housing is related to the problem of poverty.

2.     Defining housing as “substandard” is somewhat arbitrary.

3.     The housing market has generated an increase in the number of low-rent units.

4.     The New Deal provided loan guarantees to veterans.

5.     The dominant culture in the U.S. favors private over public ownership.

6.     The Housing Act of 1968 failed because it ignored the economic interests of developers.

7.     Homesteading programs have helped to rehabilitate over 1 million homes.

8.     Gentrification contradict Burgess’s concentric zone model.

9.     Gentrification displaces poor residents.

10.   Boston’s Columbia Point illustrates the success of homesteading programs.

11.   New Urbanism emphasizes the importance of public spaces.

12.   All cities over 200,000 inhabitants have roughly the same crime level.

13.   Most people believe that crime is on the rise.

14.   The U.S. crime rate has dropped each year since 1991.

15.   Violent crimes have decreased dramatically, especially among juveniles.

16.   The greatest concentration of criminal offenses occurs in inner-city poor neighborhoods.

17.   Two-thirds of police arrests for serious crimes involve white people.

18.   Manuel Castells argues that crime is strongly related to low IQ.

19.   Racial residential discrimination can be measured with a dissimilarity index.

20.   In larger and taller buildings, crime occurs mostly in public areas.

Answers

Chapter 12

1. d
2. a
3. d
4. b
5. b
6. b
7. b
8. d
9. d
10. b
11. b
12. c
13. b
14. a

true/false

1. t
2. t
3. f
4. f
5. t
6. f
7. f
8. t
9. t
10. f
11. t
12. f
13. t
14. t
15. f
16. t
17. t
18. f
19. t
20. t